ARAGÓN

Spanish Wine Scholar — Revision Sheet
4 DOs 2 VPs 5 VTs Birthplace of Garnacha Old Vines Cierzo Wind

Essential Facts

Rank: 4th largest autonomous community
3 Provinces: Huesca (N), Zaragoza (C), Teruel (S)
Capital: Zaragoza (690,000 — over half population)
Ebro Valley: 1 of 3 regions (with Rioja, Navarra)
Garnacha Origin: Highest clonal variations = long cultivation
Cierzo Wind: NW wind (locally "Moncayo"); cools vineyards
Pico de Aneto: 3,404m — highest in Pyrenees
Old Vines: Many 80-100+ years; some from 1890

The 4 DOs

DOYearKey Feature
Cariñena1932Oldest; 80+ yr vines; Garnacha 32%
Campo de Borja1980Garnacha 55%; 3 zones; elegant
Somontano1984Northernmost; wettest; 65% intl
Calatayud1989Highest elevations (1,040m); Garnacha 62%

DO Cariñena (1932)

Oldest DO in Aragón. Named after grape but Cariñena grape = only 5%!
Garnacha 32% + Tempranillo 23% dominant.
1415: King Fernando I's preferred wine for Nice trip.
1773: Voltaire praised exceptional character.
One of highest concentrations of old vines in Spain. Many 80+ years; some 100+.

DO Campo de Borja (1980)

NW Zaragoza; borders S Navarra. Garnacha 55%.
Oldest vines: 1890. 6 co-operatives. Slightly more elegant wines.
ZoneElevationStyle
Zona Baja350-450mAromatic, powerful
Zona Media450-550mPowerful, structured
Zona Alta550-700mMost elegant, finesse

DO Somontano (1984)

Northernmost, wettest, greenest Aragonese DOP.
Pyrenean foothills; French winemakers settled during phylloxera.
International varieties = 65% of plantings.
Spanish varieties = only 17%.
Only 3 grapes native to region:
Moristel Parraleta Alcañón

DO Calatayud (1989)

Near Moncayo Massif (Sistema Ibérico). Highest vineyards in Aragón — up to 1,040m.
Garnacha = 62%; 92% black varieties.
80% of vineyards at 650-900m.
Deep, concentrated, flinty wines with fresh acidity.
DesignationVine AgeMax Yield
Viñas Viejas35+ years4,500 kg/ha
Calatayud Superior50+ years3,500 kg/ha (85% Garnacha)

Geography

MountainsPyrenees (N), Sistema Ibérico (S)
RiversEbro + Jalón, Huerva, Gállego tributaries
ClimateContinental; 14-15°C; <400mm in basin

Key Grapes

Black

Garnacha Tinta Signature; origin here; "Aragonés" (1513)
Tempranillo Widely planted; esp. Cariñena 23%
Cariñena/Mazuelo Only 5% in DO Cariñena!
Cabernet Sauv Merlot Syrah
Moristel Parraleta Native to Somontano

White

Macabeo/Viura Primary across most DOs
Chardonnay Important in Somontano
Gewürztraminer Primary in Somontano
Alcañón Native to Somontano
Garnacha Blanca Moscatel

The 2 VPs

VPYearKey Fact
Aylés2011First VP; 1165 history; Cistercians; 100+ yr vines
Urbezo2024Newest; Cariñena municipality; 490m

The 5 VTs

Valdejalón1999Jalón Valley; most historic
Bajo Aragón1999Largest, southernmost
Ribera del Jiloca2006South-central; 600-800m
Ribera del Gállego2004NW; Cinco Villas
Valle del Cinca2004Huesca; most varieties

History Timeline

~6,500 BCE: Civilization evidence in Chaves Cave (Huesca)
Bronze Age: Iberian tribes cultivating vines
2nd c BCE: Roman conquest; Caesaraugusta (Zaragoza) key center
935: Moorish period; irrigation systems introduced
1194: Alfonso II grants land for Monasterio de Piedra
1195-1218: Cistercian monks build monastery; plant vines at 730m — possibly original Garnacha de Aragón
Golden Age: Fernando II + Isabel I unify; wines to Italy, France
1415: King Fernando I lists Cariñena wines for Nice trip
1773: Voltaire praises Cariñena wines
1887: Railway Zaragoza-Cariñena opens; French demand
1986: EEC entry; modern quality renaissance
1990s: EU subsidies threatened old vines; DOs united to preserve

Soils

AlluvialEbro Basin; deep, fertile
CalarLimestone; mountains, Campo de Borja
ClayCariñena, valley floors
CascajosRocky, limestone-based
RoyaleIron-rich, reddish-brown

Top Exam Points — Memorize These!

Birthplace of GarnachaHighest clonal variations; "Aragonés" 1513 reference
DO Cariñena (1932)Oldest DO; Cariñena grape = only 5%; Garnacha 32%
DO Calatayud = HighestVineyards to 1,040m; Garnacha 62%; Viñas Viejas 35+ yr
DO Somontano = International65% international varieties; 3 native grapes only
Monasterio de Piedra (1194)Cistercians planted at 730m; possibly original Garnacha
VP Aylés (2011)First VP; 1165 history; 100+ year vines
Old Vines PreservedMany 80-100+ years; 1990s EU threat; DOs united
Cierzo = "Moncayo"NW wind; cools vineyards autumn/winter